Daftar Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Sinta 2 dan Sinta 3

 

Fajar Sasora

Email :fajarsasora@gmail.com

 

Abstract

 

This study examines the framing analysis of news coverage on nickel mining in Raja Ampat by two Indonesian online media outlets: Kompas.com and CNN Indonesia. The research investigates how each platform constructs and presents news regarding the controversial nickel mining plans and operations in Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua. The unit of analysis consists of selected news articles published by CNN Indonesia and Kompas.com. These sources were chosen as primary data to understand the media’s role in shaping public perception. The nickel mining project in Raja Ampat has sparked widespread opposition from various sectors, including environmental activists, academics, tourism stakeholders, and religious leaders. This resistance is driven by concerns over the potential environmental degradation threatening both marine and terrestrial ecosystems in one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. Utilizing Robert Entman’s framing analysis method, the findings reveal that both media outlets acknowledge the mining project’s potential to harm ecological integrity and undermine sustainable tourism. However, CNN Indonesia emphasizes the role of the state in improving policy through strategic masterplan development, while Kompas.com highlights the need to evaluate mining permits, impose temporary halts on extractive operations, and strengthen community participation in protecting ecologically sensitive areas.

 1.      Introduction

People are now shifting their attention and media consumption from conventional media such as newspapers to digital media. The high rate of online news consumption has not only led to a decline in print readership but also transformed overall patterns of information consumption[1].

The news media industry has evolved alongside the growing maturity of the internet and social media, becoming an integral part of modern life [2]. Online media has become one of the primary sources of information for modern society, gradually replacing traditional sources such as newspapers and television. It has also become an increasingly significant space for public opinion, enabling the production of news and the shaping of public discourse. However, trust in online media has become a concern due to the prevalence of fake news that often lacks a solid basis and valid data.

Trust in news media is closely related to credibility [3]. Strömbäck argues that media trust can be understood through key principles such as fairness, the presence or absence of bias (including transparency about underlying values and positions), completeness in reporting the full story, accuracy, and the clear distinction between facts and opinions. Trust in the media can be assessed at multiple levels, from the credibility of media content and journalists, to trust in specific media brands and types, and ultimately, to the overall trust in the news media as an institution [4].

Mass media has the ability to construct the reality of news, shaping how it is understood and interpreted by the public. It can be seen as a tool of social construction that defines the evolving realities within society. Mass media not only plays a role in disseminating information but also holds influence and interests in political, economic, and ideological spheres [5].

In Indonesia's national media landscape, Kompas.com and CNN Indonesia are recognized as two major media powerhouses that are often positioned as competitors. Both in news coverage and media business development, they continuously strive to maintain their positions in an increasingly competitive market. Analyzing news from these two outlets on the same issue is particularly interesting, as it reveals how each frames and presents the story. In their coverage of the nickel mining issue in Raja Ampat, both media appear to share a similar narrative tendency, highlighting the emerging impacts and controversies surrounding the matter.

This issue is important to examine further, considering that Raja Ampat is a strategic conservation area that not only holds high biodiversity value but also serves as a symbol of sustainable tourism in Indonesia. Mining activities on small islands such as Manuran, Kawe, and Manyaifun not only contradict the principles of environmental preservation but also violate legal provisions, including rulings by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, which explicitly prohibit mining in small island territories. Supreme Court Decision Number 57P/HUM/2022 and Constitutional Court Decision Number 35/PUU-XXI/2023 both firmly emphasize the prohibition of mining activities on small islands. This issue is not only related to legal and environmental aspects, but also involves the governance of licensing, political-economic interests, and institutional conflicts among ministries responsible for the energy, forestry, and environmental sectors.

The plans and practices of nickel mining in Raja Ampat Regency, Southwest Papua, have sparked widespread opposition from various segments of society, including environmental activists, academics, tourism entrepreneurs, and religious leaders. This resistance is driven by concerns over environmental damage that could threaten both marine and terrestrial ecosystems in an area recognized as one of the world's centers of biodiversity. Raja Ampat has long been an icon of sustainable tourism in Indonesia, demonstrating that economic contributions can be achieved without compromising environmental preservation [6]. However, the presence of nickel mining in the Raja Ampat region is considered to be in conflict with the principles of sustainable tourism, which emphasize a balance between economic growth and environmental protection.

Mining activities carry the risk of causing permanent and irreversible environmental impacts, such as water contamination, air pollution, soil degradation, destruction of flora and fauna, and the failure of mining infrastructure [7]. Several parties assert that mining and tourism cannot coexist, as mining in any form inherently tends to cause environmental degradation. The conflict between industrial interests and environmental conservation often arises due to the negative impacts of mining operations, including the environmental damage left behind after mines are closed [8].

Global trends indicate that nature-based tourism, including maritime tourism, accounts for approximately 35% of the tourism industry’s contribution. This underscores the significant role of maritime tourism in driving the sector forward, with environmental conservation emerging as a central attraction [9]. The long-term impact of mining activities not only threatens the natural beauty of Raja Ampat as a tourist destination but also highlights weaknesses in licensing governance, inter-ministerial coordination, and law enforcement in Indonesia.

In this context, mass media plays a crucial role in shaping public perception of the nickel mining issue in Raja Ampat. The way the media frames this issue greatly influences public opinion, pressure on government policy, and the direction of public discourse. Therefore, it is essential to examine how national media constructs the narrative surrounding the conflict between mining exploitation and environmental conservation in Raja Ampat.

 

2.      Methodology

This research falls within the constructivist paradigm, as it employs framing analysis, which views discourse as a construction of social reality. The constructivist worldview holds distinct perspectives on media and the news texts it produces. According to constructivists, social life is a result of construction, not a natural phenomenon. Therefore, within the constructivist paradigm, the focus of analysis lies in understanding how events or realities are constructed and shaped. Essentially, framing is one of the methods used by mass media to organize a news text, which involves elements of communication, mass media, language, text, ideology, and constructionism [10].

Framing analysis reveals how the media constructs reality. According to Eriyanto (2018), framing is commonly used by researchers as a method to identify the perspective employed by journalists when selecting topics and writing news for the media. The method used to examine how the media constructs and shapes reality is known as framing. This constructed reality often emerges as the most prominent and widely recognized reality by the public at the time of its formation. Robert N. Entman views framing within two broad categories: the selection of issues and the emphasis on certain aspects of the reality or topic presented. According to Entman, as cited by Eriyanto, framing is one approach to understanding the perspective used by journalists to select issues and write news. This perspective determines which facts are reported, which aspects are emphasized or omitted, and the intended direction of the news narrative

Framing analysis reveals how the media constructs reality. According to Eriyanto (2018), framing is typically used by researchers as a method to determine the perspective used by journalists when selecting topics and writing news for the media.

The method for researching how the media constructs and shapes reality is called framing. This reality emerges as a more prominent and widely recognized reality during its formation. Robert N. Entman's framing concept categorizes framing into two major categories, namely topic selection and the highlighting of certain aspects of reality or the topics raised. According to Entman in Eriyanto, framing is one approach to understanding how journalists select issues and write news stories. This perspective will determine what facts will be written, which aspects will be highlighted, omitted, and where the news will be directed [11].

In conducting framing analysis, Robert Entman [12], there are several things that can support the analysis process, including Define Problems, where a news article contains an explanation of how an event is interpreted by a journalist. Then Diagnose Causes, where information about an event is framed with the aim of identifying the actors involved in the event, thereby revealing who the main actors are in the event. Make Moral Judgment, which essentially uses this point to provide an argument justifying the definition of the event previously established. Finally, Treatment Recommendation, where this stage contains a solution chosen to resolve the issue in the event. All these points in Robert Entman's framing analysis, the perspective on what and who caused the problem in the event being described, can significantly influence the solution that will be adopted [13].

This study will examine how CNN Indonesia and Kompas.com construct news about nickel mining in Raja Ampat. The unit of analysis in this study is the news produced by the online media CNN Indonesia and Kompas.com. For the purposes of this study, CNN Indonesia and Kompas.com are used as primary data sources. Meanwhile, supporting data sourced from books, the internet, articles, and journals are referred to as secondary data.

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